Boehme, and Gary Zhang, March, 2022 “Results showed several statistically and substantively significant differences among the criminal record, race, and housing type conditions.” (New) Criminal History, Race, and Housing Type: An Experimental Audit of Housing Outcomes Paywall :( Peter Leasure, R.In 2019, there were more than 240,000 instances of a young person detained, committed, or both in the juvenile justice system.” Too Many Locked Doors Sentencing Project, March, 2022 “Given the short- and long-term damages stemming from youth out of home placement, it is vital to understand its true scope.Beyond the count: A deep dive into state prison populations Prison Policy Initiative, April, 2022 “Incarcerated people are a diverse cross-section of society whose disadvantages and unmet needs often begin early in life, and persist throughout their often lifelong involvement with the criminal legal system.”.Becker, April, 2022 “Holding other variables constant, a Black person incarcerated in North Carolina was 10.3% more likely than a similarly situated white person to receive at least one disciplinary write-up in 2020.” Racial Bias and Prison Discipline: A Study of North Carolina State Prisons Katherine M.Lea III, June, 2022 “Black respondents with low discrimination exposure had 42 predicted days incarcerated, whereas Black respondents with high discrimination exposure had 130 predicted days incarcerated, or an increase of 209%.” The competing effects of racial discrimination and racial identity on the predicted number of days incarcerated in the US: A national profile of Black, Latino/Latina, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations George Pro, Ricky Camplain, Charles H.Snively, July, 2022 “Results show that adopting agency college degree requirements is generally associated with decreases in police-related fatalities (PRFs) over time, with significant reductions observed for PRFs of Black and unarmed citizens.” (New) Law Enforcement Agencies' College Education Hiring Requirements and Racial Differences in Police-Related Fatalities Paywall :( Thaddeus L.(New) Racial Equity in Montana's Criminal Justice System: An Analysis of Court, Corrections, and Community Supervision Systems The Council of State Governments Justice Center, July, 2022 “Once incarcerated, American Indian people remain in secure or alternative facilities for an average of 27.4 days longer than similarly situated White people.”.(New) Restructuring Civilian Payouts for Police Misconduct Rashawn Ray, Center for Justice Research, July, 2022 “By restructuring police-civilian payouts from taxpayer funding to police department insurances, monies typically spent on civilian payouts and lawyer fees can be used for education, jobs, and infrastructure.”.You can also see a selection of our best original research on this topic on our Racial Justice page.
The research below goes into more detail as to how - and why - people of color are overrepresented in jails, prisons, and non-carceral forms of punishment. Racial discrimination in housing, sentencing, and policing frequently explains why data show stark disproportionalities in justice involvement for people of color, particularly Black people. criminal justice system that is available online. Percent of people on probation or parole who are Black: 30%+īelow, we've curated a list of virtually all the research about race and the U.S.Number of arrests of Black Americans in 2018: 2.8 million+.Arrest rate for Black vs white Americans: 6,109 vs.Percent of people serving life, life without parole, or “virtual life” sentences who are Black: 48% +.Incarceration rate for Black vs white Americans: 2,306 vs.Percent of people in prison or jail who are Black: 38% +.Percent of Black Americans in the general U.S.